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What do ‘international preliminary examination’ and ‘regional
phase’ mean in relation to the Patent Cooperation Treaty
(PCT)?



Note that a PCT patent application is really a bundle of national
patent applications.

In "Chapter II procedure", international examining authority provides
for IPER, i.e. non-binding assessment of patentability. IPER may
be used as basis of further examination.

After international phase (up to 31 months from priority) applicant
may enter national/regional phase where application is examined
by PO of designated states and subject to substantive examination.
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